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Heat Treatment

Protective Atmospheres for Heat Treatment

How H2+N2 mixed gas from ammonia crackers prevents oxidation during annealing, brazing, and sintering. Used across automotive, aerospace, and tool manufacturing.

Why Heat Treatment Needs Protective Gas

When metals are heated above 700C in air, they oxidize rapidly — forming scale, discoloration, and surface defects. Heat treatment processes like bright annealing, brazing, and sintering require a protective or reducing atmosphere to maintain clean, oxide-free surfaces.

The most cost-effective atmosphere for most heat treatment applications is an H2+N2 mixture (typically 75% hydrogen + 25% nitrogen) — produced on-site by an ammonia cracker. This gas prevents oxidation (N2 component) and reduces any existing oxide (H2 component).

Ammonia Cracker Process

1. Feed: Liquid ammonia (NH3) is vaporized and preheated.

2. Crack: NH3 passes through a nickel catalyst at 800-850C, decomposing into N2 + 3H2.

3. Output: 75% H2 + 25% N2 mixed gas — delivered directly to the heat treatment furnace.

4. Post-treatment (optional): Residual NH3 (<5 ppm) removed with molecular sieve adsorber for sensitive applications.

Liquid ammonia costs significantly less than bottled H2/N2 mixtures — typically 50-65% cost reduction for heat treatment atmospheres.

Key Applications

  • Bright Annealing: Stainless steel strip, wire, and tube — producing oxide-free, bright surfaces without pickling.
  • Brazing: Copper and nickel brazing of automotive and HVAC components under protective atmosphere.
  • Sintering: Powder metal parts (gears, bearings) — H2 reduces surface oxides while N2 maintains inert environment.
  • Carburizing/Nitriding: Surface hardening of steel components — controlled carbon/nitrogen diffusion.

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